Does TRIPS (Agreement on Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) prevent COVID‐19 vaccines as a global public good?

The Economics of Intellectual Property Rights under Imperfect Enforcement: Developing Countries, Biotechnology, and the Trips Agreement

EPTD Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results, and are circulated prior to a full peer review in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. It is expected that most Discussion Papers will eventually be published in some other form, and that their content may also be revised. THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS UNDER IMPERFECT ENFORCEMENT: DEVELOPING...

Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights: Developing Countries,agricultural Biotechnology, and the Trips Agreement

P arallel revolutions in molecular biology and intellectual property rights over plant genetic resources helped spur the emergence of agricultural biotechnologies and the introduction of genetically modified (GM) products into the food system. Intellectual property rights create economic incentives for research and development by giving innovators claim to the benefits associated with new techn...

Intellectual Property Rights and the TRIPS Agreement An Overview of Ethical Problems and Some Proposed Solutions

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Innovation: Evidence from TRIPS∗

We examine the effect of pharmaceutical patent protection on the speed of drug launch, price, and quantity in 60 countries from 2000-2013. The World Trade Organization required its member countries to implement a minimum level of patent protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price controls and to issue compulsory l...

Flexibilities provided by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights